Known issues

Rotated characters

Bitmap Font Generator This program will allow you to generate bitmap fonts from TrueType fonts. The application generates both image files and character descriptions that can be read by a game for easy rendering of fonts. The program is freeware and open source, but a donation is greatly appreciated.

Select a font from among those installed on your system. This is also where you will set the size (in pixels) of the font, and can make it bold or italic. Create your character set You can 'paint-in' the characters you want to be included in your font. It is a good idea to select only the characters you really need to have in your bitmap font. Even though Nimbus-Mono-Regular is a monospace font, sometimes the character widths are off by a pixel. The convert option '-resize 7x13!' Forces a 7x13 output size. Again, this might be a problem specifically with the Nimbus font.

Some font files have some but not all subsets with characters rotated by 90 degrees. For example @Arial Unicode MS, with subset Enclosed Alphanumerics. This is not an error, but a feature of that font file. With the font rotated like this it permits writing texts in normal text editors as if they were in vertical lines.

As of version 1.13 the rotated fonts are no longer displayed in the font selection list.

Large bitmap fonts switch to Arial

Some bitmap fonts, e.g. FixedSys, may switch to Arial when generating very large fonts. This is a side effect ofBMFont using GDI for rasterizing the fonts. As GDI doesn't support rendering these bitmap fonts at very large sizes it automatically switches to the default TrueType font, Arial, instead.

When executing BMFont from the command line the application returns before completing

This happens because BMFont is a GUI application and Windows automatically returns the control to the console after initiating the application. A console application, bmfont.com, has been created to allow the execution of thetool from the command line without immediate return to the console.

Bitmap Font Generator Github Plugin

The bitmap font is generated with incorrect kerning pairs

For some TrueType fonts the kerning pairs that are saved into the bitmap font is obviously wrong, e.g. with duplicate entries, or offsets that are really large. This is usually a problem with the TrueType font itself, and not a bug in BMFont, as BMFont simply saves the kerning pairs it extracts from the TrueType font.

BMFont provides an option to skip the kerning pairs when saving the bitmap font, which can be used when they are defunct and unusable.

Cropped character glyphs

When rendering the bitmap font using the Windows native font renderer, some TrueType fonts present cropped glyphs. This happenswhen the TrueType font has glyphs that go above or below the fonts cell height.

To work around this, render the font from the TrueType outline instead.

The Dot Factory is a small open source tool (MIT licensed) intended to generate the required C language information to store many fonts and images, as efficiently as possible, on a microcontroller. These fonts are then uploaded via the LCD driver (see the Drivers and Modules page for a few) to the actual dot matrix LCD. It is written in C# for Visual Studio 2008 and has been tested on Windows XP, 2003, Vista, 7 and Linux via Mono.

Working with dot matrix LCDs with microcontrollers, while not difficult, is tedious. The actual LCD controller allows us to upload simple visual data (dot on or dot off) into the LCD’s dot matrix, but not much else. It is up to our software to decide what to upload when we want to draw lines, circles and more importantly – text.

Bitmap Font Editor

While there are software graphic libraries that allow us to generate a character “on the fly” using vector graphics (the character is described as a series of drawing commands that allow scaling and decoration) – these are much too complex and large to integrate in a microcontroller environment. Consequently, we must store the exact appearance of a character as a series of 1s and 0s, equivalent to a “dot on” “dot off” on the LCD, and upload this as a bitmap when we want to display text. While it is possible to generate this manually, it is desired to have a tool to do our grunt work by converting windows fonts (given a size and decoration) into a series of bitmaps.

Using The Dot Factory

TDF is comprised of two panes – the input pane on the left (what you want to generate) and the output pane on the right (the generated output, in C code). The input pane can accept either a font of your choice (for writing text to the LCD) or an image. When generating a font, you have the option of either generating all the available letters (by selecting “All” in the Insert Text box and clicking the plus button) or by typing in which letters, numbers or symbols you are actually using in your application (for example: 0123abcd). If you are writing a simple application that has only a few sentences, you can type them wholly in this box without fear of duplicating letters – TDF takes care of that by discarding any duplicates. This way only the letters you use will take up space.

Once you have completed setting up what it is you’d like to generate (be it an image or font), select the output method in the output pane. If you are using the LCD drivers on this website, you want it to generate an MSb first output, otherwise images will come out wrong. If you have a compiler that supports the “0b” binary specifier, you can select “binary” rather than “hex”. This will allow you to visually see the pixels you will set and allow for manual touch up by the user without having to calculate hex and experimentation. Click generate and your C code will be outputted to the text box below. Copy paste this into your application (it is recommended to put this in a separate module, not your LCD driver module, for organizational reasons).

Note that 5×7 and 5×8 fonts cannot be generated using this tool. While some TTF fonts can render characters this small they are usually distorted to the point of uselessness. You can download a ready made five by seven font here. I ripped this font from text file a while ago, so apologies to the uncredited author.

What does it generate?
For font generation, three entities are generated.

• The character bitmap array: This holds the actual characters as a bitmap (only the characters selected in the input pane). Each byte represents a single vertical page sent to the LCD. All vertical padding is removed from the characters
• The character descriptor array: Allows O(1) mapping between a character’s ASCII value and required meta information about the character – namely its width in bits and its offset into the character bitmap array. When the LCD driver needs to find where character X is located in the bitmap array, it will jump to index [X - font.startCharacter] in the descriptor array. The startCharacter is the first character (that is, the character with the lowest ASCII value) used for this font. By defining a startCharacter we can reduce the number of elements in the descriptor array.
• The font information: This element is essentially the font descriptor for this font. It holds information regarding this font like the name of the character bitmap and descriptor arrays, the font start character and how many pixels wide a space character is for this font. The LCD driver will replace the space character with empty pixels (this saves both processing time, space in the character bitmap array and space in the character descriptor array – since the space is the first ASCII character and is commonly used).

The generated structures are generated with documentation, but you may want to see a sample bitmapDb header file for detailed info on the character descriptor array and font information structures. For image generation, only the image’s bitmap array and size descriptors are generated. Note that the height value is pixels (bits) and width values are in pages.

Revision history

I usually release versions according to user demand. If you think TDF can use whatever feature, drop me a line. When enough users request something I invest the time to add it.

• Version 0.1.4 (2jun12): Support for “Column Major” mode where each byte represents a column rather than a row – contribution by Paul Ryland
• Version 0.1.3 (31mar12): Linux support with Mono – contribution by mru00
• Version 0.1.2 (29may11): Fixed width/height being swapped. Added support for configuring image descriptor format (bits/bytes). Thanks geo for the heads up and suggestion
• Version 0.1.1 (25may11): Added support for multiple descriptor arrays with a double lookup. Before this version TheDotFactory could generate Unicode characters but the lookup tables were usually too huge to be of any use. Using this feature, a double lookup is employed, allowing for fast lookups for characters residing at disparate ranges. See the video for an explanation (will be posted in the next few days). In addition to this, added support for specifying character ranges instead of inputing the actual characters. For example, <<100-120>> will generate characters for ASCII characters 100 to 120. Thanks a bunch to Archis Bhave for inputs and testing. Source is now distributed via github.
• Version 0.1.0 (15dec10): Added support to format the generated variable names (thanks SpiralBrain), added end character indication to font information (thanks Nick Jensen), added the ability to save to clipboard from File menu and added the ability to save the source/header to file via file menu (don’t remember who, but someone wondered why this wasn’t in. I personally think all fonts should be in a single module and so I opted for copy/paste, but to each his own)
• Version 0.0.9 (06jun10): Fixed a bug that prevents the space character from being generated (broken in 0.0.8 – thanks Thomas Kibalo)
• Version 0.0.8 (29may10): Fixed two unreported crashes (clicking generate without entering any text and when a newline existed in generated text), added the ability to copy the outputted text by using a context menuVersion 0.0.7 (28may10): Added ability to select whether character descriptor array is to be created and which character will be used to visualize the font (thanks Christian Treczoks), syntax coloring automatically disabled when generating large amounts of text (will be fixed properly next version), properly handled bitmaps with no black pixels in them (displays error instead of a crash), some minor cosmetics
• Version 0.0.6 (03mar10): Bug fix for image generation (tried to save a temporary file for debugging in a custom directory) – thanks to Nir Shemeshfor pointhing this out!
• Version 0.0.5 (23dec09): Added support for rotation (90 degree increments), space character generation, width (bit/byte) selection of character width and font height, optional generation of character height/width and font height, structures are now generated with documention, input text and font is persisted throughout invokations of the application, persistent preset management – add, edit, delete output configuration presets
• Version 0.0.4 (31jul09): Added a space to end of comments in the char descriptor array to prevent preprocessor misinterpreting ‘’ as a newline
• Version 0.0.3 (30jul09): Added output configuration: hex/binary, MSb First/LSb first, configurable padding removal, comment control, flip X/Y and more
• Version 0.0.2 (28jul09): Vista support
• Version 0.0.1 (25jul09): Initial release (flip not supported, output format not supported, not tested on Vista)

Download

Bitmap Font Maker

To run this executable, you must have the .NET framework installed. The stable binary has been in the wild for a month at least with no major bugs reported. Non stable binary contains new features and bug fixes (see revision history).

Bitmap Font Creator

• Latest binary (0.1.4): Windows 7/Vista/XP/2003, requires .NET framework 3.5

Up to date source can be found at Github.